Since I work with glass, I feel pretty confident in replying to this one.

My business deals specifically with chips, dings, scratches, and cracks.
If the chips are "Chips" they will not develop into a crack.... usually a chip, especially on any edge will have a "clamshell" or "oystershell" type look. These will not self propagate. They are impact chips, and the ridges in the chip are actually pressure waves from the original impact. (Throw a rock in a pond and you demonstrate pressure waves.) I HIGHLY doubt that the silicone pulled the chips off. The chips were there, and the silicone just held them in place until you pulled it off.
If there IS a crack, it will eventually propagate and spread, and I would not use the aquarium. Chips will not propagate, therefore making it safe to use.