In Response to MatPat:
I don't believe it is green water, I've had this murky brown stuff for a while now, and it is definitely brown not cloudy. I've never seen anything like the pea soup. I don't think it is bacteria either, as you can see the pictures below, looks like diatom algae to me. The filter gets cleaned maybe every month, I just change out the filter floss.
However, I do believe, that I agree that the injected CO2 into the inlet caused whatever is in my filter to blow into the aquarium and free float. Still can't figure out what is happening there.
So as promised, I took some pictures on our microscope of what is currently on my leaves and in the water. It is a 100x magnification if I remember right. If you look under a light microscope it is noticeably brown. This is taken with a laser, so it is a monochrome image.
This is it at 600x magnification:
It looks very similar to the macro photos of diatom algae on this website, squarish in shape.
Aquarium Algae
Any suggestions on getting rid of this stuff? I've tried raising nitrates and intensity of the light, hasn't helped. Any thoughts?