How long have you waited for it to build up pressure? I say this because with a CO2 tank we run around 10-15psi, that's not a lot at all... To break a soda bottle you will need a lot more than that. If a yeast setup can burst a bottle, and trust me it can, there should be no reason why it can't push CO2 through the glass diffuser. That is if you find a good way to seal the airline tube to the bottle lid. If your connections and seals can stand the pressure, the bottle and airline tubing certainly can.
Giancarlo Podio
Giancarlo Podio